Symptoms, prevention, and treatment for shipping fever in horses

Shipping fever, also known as transport-related respiratory disease, is a common issue affecting horses during long-distance travel. This condition arises due to the presence of bacteria and irritants such as dust, hay particles, or chemicals in the lower respiratory tract. The stress of traveling, confined spaces, and prolonged head elevation can compromise a horse’s immune system, making it vulnerable to infections like shipping fever. Left untreated, shipping fever can escalate into pleuropneumonia, a severe form of lung infection characterized by fluid accumulation in the lungs and pleural cavity, requiring immediate medical attention and possibly posing a life-threatening situation for the animal.

Studies suggest that approximately 9 to 12% of horses transported over distances of 1,000 to 1,300 kilometers develop shipping fever. However, this doesn’t mean your horse is destined to suffer from it. By understanding the symptoms, adopting preventive measures, and seeking timely treatment, you can significantly reduce the risks associated with this condition.

Symptoms

Early detection is key to managing shipping fever effectively. Symptoms typically appear within one to three days post-travel and may include:

Respiratory Changes

Horses affected by shipping fever often exhibit a persistent cough and labored breathing. Rapid nostril flaring and increased respiratory rates are telltale signs of respiratory distress. Pain in the chest area can hinder the horse’s ability to cough properly, and you might observe your horse stretching its neck to facilitate easier breathing.

Nasal Discharge

Thick nasal discharge is another common symptom. Depending on the severity of the infection, the discharge may vary in consistency and color, ranging from clear to yellow or green.

Fever

An elevated body temperature is a clear indication of infection. According to the AAEP, temperatures above 101.5°F (38.6°C) warrant concern for horses. Fever is the body’s systemic response to infection, often accompanied by lethargy, loss of appetite, and general discomfort.

Behavioral Changes

Horses with shipping fever may appear depressed, reluctant to move, and show a marked decrease in appetite. These behavioral changes reflect the horse’s overall discomfort and serve as critical indicators that something is amiss.

Prevention

Preventing shipping fever involves mitigating the stressors associated with travel. Consulting with a veterinarian for tailored advice can be highly beneficial. Here are some practical strategies:

Proper Ventilation

Ensuring adequate ventilation during transport is crucial. Fresh air circulation helps reduce the concentration of airborne particles and minimizes the risk of respiratory infections. Opening windows or vents can enhance airflow and create a healthier environment for your horse.

Hydration and Nutrition

Well-hydrated and well-fed horses are better equipped to handle travel stress. Prioritize hydration and nutrition before, during, and after transportation to bolster your horse’s resilience.

Gradual Acclimatization

Introducing your horse to the trailer gradually can reduce anxiety and stress. Taking progressively longer trips leading up to significant transport can help your horse adjust to the environment and reduce the likelihood of compromised immunity.

Limit Travel Stress

Avoid overcrowding trailers and ensure each horse has sufficient space. Smooth driving, avoiding bumpy roads, and maintaining a steady pace can significantly reduce stress during travel.

Infection Control

Implementing infection control measures, such as avoiding contact with unfamiliar horses and regularly disinfecting trailers and equipment, can further protect your horse. Vaccinating your horse against common respiratory viruses like influenza can also help prevent secondary infections.

Treatment

Prompt action is essential for addressing shipping fever and improving your horse’s prognosis. Always consult a veterinarian for personalized advice, particularly regarding medication. Here are some general steps:

Isolation

If you suspect shipping fever, isolate the affected horse immediately to prevent the spread of infection to others. A separate, comfortable space allows for focused care and minimizes stress.

Rest and Reduced Activity

Allow the horse to rest and reduce physical activity to aid recovery. A calm, familiar environment can support the healing process and strengthen the immune system.

Medication

Your veterinarian may prescribe anti-inflammatory drugs to manage fever and respiratory distress. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation. In cases of bacterial infection, antibiotics may be necessary.

Supportive Care

Provide supportive care through proper nutrition, hydration, and a clean living environment. These measures help the horse regain strength and recover more effectively.

Conclusion

Shipping fever is a serious concern for horse owners, requiring vigilance, preventive measures, and swift intervention. By staying informed about symptoms and prevention strategies, you can minimize the risks and ensure your horse remains healthy and comfortable during travel.

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