Developing high-efficiency irrigation and drainage equipment urgently needs key technological breakthroughs

[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] The lifeline of the field lies in water, and agriculture is a big water user in China. For a long time, China's agricultural water shortage and waste coexist. Therefore, vigorously developing water-saving agriculture and promoting irrigation and drainage machinery are inevitable choices to alleviate the contradiction between China's water supply and demand, and also an important measure to promote the sustainable use of water resources.

Since the beginning of the new century, a number of consecutive Central No. 1 documents have promoted irrigation and drainage machinery and the development of water-saving irrigation as a strategic task for sustainable economic and social development. The National Agricultural Sustainable Development Plan (2015-2030) also proposes that by 2020, the effective irrigation rate of farmland in the country should reach 55%, the water-saving irrigation rate should reach 64%, and the water-saving irrigation area should be 288 million mu.

Development of irrigation and drainage equipment urgently needs key technological breakthroughs

Drainage and irrigation machinery is the basic guarantee equipment for farmland water conservancy projects, and is widely used in agricultural production and water conservancy construction such as irrigation, drainage, flood control and water supply. However, at present, China's irrigation and drainage machinery still has problems such as high system energy consumption, poor adaptability and low intelligence. Recently, at the 3rd National Water-saving Irrigation Equipment and Technology Strategy Seminar held in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, experts at the conference held a hot discussion on topics such as agricultural water-saving irrigation, development direction of irrigation and drainage machinery.

The effective utilization rate of farmland irrigation water is only 53%

Urgent development of irrigation and drainage equipment

According to reports, China's total freshwater resources account for 6% of the world's total, ranking fourth in the world. However, per capita water resources are only a quarter of the world's average, ranking 125th in the world. Moreover, the spatial and temporal distribution of water resources is uneven, with more south and less north, less east and west, and more summer and autumn than winter and spring. Under the rigid constraints of water shortage, the annual agricultural irrigation water consumption is 360 billion cubic meters, which is used to produce 26% of the world's agricultural products, and to feed 20% of the world's population.

"Many people, less land, and lack of water are China's basic national conditions, but water shortage is more serious than lack of land." Gao Xiangzhao, an expert from the National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center of the Ministry of Agriculture, pointed out that 60% of the world's water resources accounted for 60% of the world's water resources. % of water is used for agriculture. The national comprehensive water resources planning results show that the national average annual water shortage is 53.6 billion cubic meters, of which agricultural water shortage is about 30 billion cubic meters. In particular, the lack of water in the northern region is serious, and the challenges faced by agricultural water use are even greater.

Shi Haibin, a professor at the College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, said: “Due to the severe shortage of water resources, the water diversion from the Hetao Irrigation District in Inner Mongolia has decreased drastically. The amount of water diverted from 5 billion cubic meters has decreased to 3.64 billion cubic meters in 2010. Reduced by 27.2%."

Urban development should be based on water, and agricultural development is also due to water. 65% of China's agricultural products such as fruits, vegetables and vegetables need irrigation and drainage machinery. The participating experts agreed that the development of irrigation and drainage equipment is a guarantee of stable and high-yield equipment for agriculture, but the reality is not optimistic.

“At present, there are many low-end products in China's irrigation and drainage machinery, few products, high energy consumption, poor adaptability and low intelligence. There is still a big gap between these and international brands.” China Agricultural Machinery Society Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Branch Yuan Shouqi, Chairman of the Board of Directors of Jiangsu University, said: "In China's existing 2.25 billion mu of cultivated land, there are 1.073 billion mu of 'Wangtiantian' without irrigation. The 952 million mu of irrigated cultivated land has been built, and the effective utilization rate of irrigation water is only 53%, far below the world's advanced level of 80%."

“Not only the drainage and irrigation facilities are not perfect, but also the challenges of extensive management and wasteful water use.” Li Yangbin, director of the irrigation and drainage center of the Ministry of Water Resources, pointed out that at present, 91% of the irrigation districts use ground irrigation technology, and in some self-flow irrigation areas, flood irrigation The phenomenon is common. “The effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water in the country is only 0.53, which means that about half of the irrigation water volume is lost during water delivery, water distribution and field irrigation.”

The key technical aspects of the development potential of irrigation and drainage equipment still need to be broken.

Although there are still many problems in irrigation and drainage machinery, Yuan Shouqi said with full confidence: "All parties are paying attention to this issue. I think there is great hope for the development of irrigation and drainage machinery." Farmland irrigation is a key task in the construction of agricultural and rural infrastructure. It has risen to the national level. If the shortcomings of irrigation and drainage machinery are completed, agricultural modernization is expected to be realized as soon as possible.

In recent years, China has successively issued the "National Large-scale Irrigation District Water-saving Reconstruction Plan", "Key Medium-sized Irrigation District Water-saving Reconstruction Plan", "National Small-scale Farmland Water Conservancy Project Construction Plan", "National Large and Medium-sized Pump Station Renovation Plan", "National Water Saving Irrigation" Development Planning and other documents. In 2010, water-saving irrigation equipment has been included in the agricultural machinery purchase subsidy catalog. The National Agricultural Water Conservation Program (2012-2020), which was promulgated in 2011, proposes to complete 434 large-scale irrigation districts and 2,157 key medium-sized irrigation districts for water-saving renovation tasks by 2020; and upgrade the large and medium-sized irrigation and drainage pumping stations; Construction of a number of new irrigation districts, increasing the irrigation area by 5.33 million hectares......