Five kinds of chemical fertilizer application methods are unreasonable
1. Shallow or surface fertilization is a common mistake that leads to inefficient nutrient use. Fertilizers applied too close to the soil surface are prone to volatilization, runoff, or poor root contact, making it difficult for plants to absorb them effectively. To improve efficiency, fertilizers should be placed 16–26 cm below the side of the seed or plant, ensuring better root access and reducing nutrient loss.
2. Applying chlorine-based fertilizers to leafy or stem vegetables can cause several issues. Double-chlorine fertilizers, which contain ammonium chloride and potassium chloride, often have around 30% chlorine content. This can burn young plants and requires timely watering. In saline soils or with chlorine-sensitive crops, such fertilizers should be avoided. Additionally, excessive potassium chloride on leafy vegetables can result in tough, fibrous, and bitter-tasting produce, reducing its market value. Urine-based compound fertilizers, high in nitrogen, may also contain biuret, which can harm seedlings. Always ensure proper depth and moisture when applying these fertilizers.
3. Improper fertilization techniques can lead to serious problems like fertilizer burn, wilting, or even plant death. For example, applying too much fertilizer at once or failing to water after application can create high salt concentrations in the soil, making it hard for roots to absorb water. This can cause wilting or even kill the plants. Additionally, an overabundance of ammonium nitrogen in the soil can lead to ammonia toxicity, damaging plant health and growth.
4. Overuse of a single nutrient element can be harmful. It not only risks poisoning the crop but also disrupts the uptake of other essential nutrients, leading to deficiencies and related diseases. For instance, excess nitrogen can cause calcium deficiency, while too much nitrate-nitrogen may lead to molybdenum chlorosis. Excessive potassium can reduce the availability of calcium, magnesium, and boron, while too much phosphorus can interfere with calcium, zinc, and boron absorption. Balancing nutrients is crucial for healthy plant development.
5. Using fresh human waste directly on vegetables is highly discouraged. During the decomposition of raw manure, harmful gases like hydrogen sulfide are released, which can suffocate seeds and young plants. The process also generates heat, increasing the risk of root rot or seed burning, which hinders germination and early growth. Composting manure before use is essential to eliminate pathogens and reduce potential damage to crops.
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