Seismic exploration began in the mid-19th century. China in 1951 started seismic exploration, and apply it to oil and gas exploration, prospecting coal field exploration, engineering geological exploration and mining of certain metals. The most comprehensive exploration process animation in history, completely shows:
Seismic exploration
Terrestrial oil exploration
Offshore oil exploration
one
Seismic exploration
A general term for surveying crustal geological structures and stratigraphic lithology methods related to oil, natural gas, and coal fields by studying the propagation laws of artificial (most) or naturally excited (very few) elastic waves (seismic waves) in underground media. . Among them, oil and gas exploration is called petroleum seismic exploration, and it is the best application method in petroleum geophysical exploration methods.
Seismic exploration is a young discipline that was born in the 1920s and evolved from natural earthquakes.
Seismic exploration work consists of three basic links: seismic data acquisition, seismic data processing and seismic data interpretation.
two
Terrestrial oil exploration
The oil industry is a continuous production process for the exploration, development and comprehensive utilization of oil and gas. Oil and gas exploration is an initial stage of the oil industry and an important stage. Its main purpose and task is to find industrial oil and gas reservoirs, to identify and increase reserves of oil and gas reserves, and the level of resource reserves submitted can be divided into speculative resources and potential. Resources, predicted reserves, controlled reserves and proven reserves. Oil and gas exploration is also a gradual process of gradually narrowing the exploration target area.
Modern oil and gas exploration can be divided into oil exploration, natural gas exploration and unconventional oil and gas resources exploration according to different exploration purposes. They refer to exploration work with the main purpose of finding liquid oil, natural gas and very oil and gas resources. In China, onshore oil exploration refers to oil and gas exploration in the continental region above the coastline (high tide line); in the world, onshore oil exploration generally refers to oil and gas exploration in beaches and continental areas above the low tide line.
three
Offshore oil exploration
Exploration activities such as petroleum geological surveys and oil drilling for the purpose of finding industrial reservoirs (minerals, minerals) in seawater-covered areas. According to the depth of seawater in the operation area, offshore oil exploration is divided into conventional offshore oil exploration or shallow water exploration (generally referred to as water depth less than 400m), deepwater oil exploration (water depth is 400-1500m) and ultra-deep water petroleum exploration (water depth greater than 1500m).
The principle and technical method of offshore oil exploration are basically the same as those of onshore oil exploration, but have some different characteristics. Seismic recorders for marine seismic surveys are installed on ships, and seismic data acquisition is performed on seismic ships. The use of airgun sources, offshore seismic cables and geophones is a continuous movement of offshore streamers with good excitation and acceptance conditions.
The use of satellite navigation and positioning technology does not require visibility, construction without obstacles, far faster than land speed and low cost. Offshore oil drilling is done on the rig. The drilling platform is divided into a fixed drilling platform and a mobile drilling platform. The mobile drilling platform (also called a drilling ship) is further divided into a jack-up drilling platform and a semi-submersible drilling platform.
Fixed rigs are mostly used in very shallow waters near the shore. Jack-up rigs are generally constructed in waters with a depth of less than 100 m. Semi-submersible rigs can be constructed in deeper waters. The drilling cost is much higher than that on land. The well position is determined to be much more prudent, and the industrial oil gas flow standard is also high.
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