Overview of gold recovery from lead anode mud

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The treatment of lead anode mud is basically smelted by fire at home and abroad. The traditional fire law principle process is shown in Figure 1.
China has both copper and lead smelters, and lead anode mud is generally mixed with copper anode mud after copper removal and selenium removal. After a long-term practice, the fire smelting process has strong adaptability to raw materials, large processing capacity, and has been perfected and matured with the continuous improvement of equipment and operating conditions. Fire complex process but, gold and silver direct yield is not high enough, multiple return slag, long production cycle. For a small variety of small and medium-sized enterprises, there are also shortcomings such as high energy consumption, serious pollution environment, low recovery rate of gold and silver, and poor comprehensive utilization of valuable metals.
Due to the different composition of lead ore in various places, the composition of lead anode mud will also be different. When lead electrolysis, about 1.6% to 1.75% of lead anode slime is produced. These anode slimes must be dewatered by precipitation, filtration, washing, centrifugation or filter press before treatment to obtain lead anode slime with a water content of about 30%. The main components are shown in Table 1.

Figure 1 Lead anode mud fire smelting process
Table 1 Main components of lead anode mud in some factories at home and abroad (%)
Factory name
element
Japan
Niihama
Japan
Thin warehouse
Peru
Oroya
Canada
Teller
First factory
Second factory
Third factory
Fourth factory
Fifth factory
Au
Ag
Se
Te
Bi
Cu
Pb
As
Sb
0.2 to 0.4
0.1 to 0.15
10-20
4~6
5~10
25~35
0.021
12.82
10.05
8.25
43.26
0.01
9.5
0.07
0.74
20.6
1.6
15.6
4.6
33.0
0.016
11.5
2.1
1.8
19.7
10.6
38.1
0.04~0.07
12.15
0.30
9.32
14.79
7~9
26.30
0.02~0.045
8~10
0.015
0.1
10.0
2.0
6 to 10
20~25
25~30
0.005
3 to 5
0.1
4~6
1 to 1.5
15~19
25~35
20~30
0.002～0.004
18.7~18.9
2.5 to 3.7
8~16
0.12
38~40
0.025
2.63
5.53
1.32
8.81
0.67
54.3
X-ray diffraction, laser analysis and electron scanning microscopy were used for phase analysis of different types of lead anode slime from several manufacturers. Silver was Ag, Ag 3 Sb, ε ́-Ag-Sb, AgCl, Ag y Sb 2 -x ( O · OH · H 2 O) 6-7 (x = 0.5, y = 1 ~ 2) is present, and antimony Sb, Ag 3 Sb, ε ' ' - AgSb-Ag y Sb 2-x (O · OH · H 2 O) 6-7 (x=0.5, y=1 to 2) exists and the morphology is complicated.

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